http:\/\/www.manchester.ac.uk\/aboutus\/dates\/graduation<\/a><\/p>\nThe University of Manchester degree ceremonies are broadcast live online, and are also stored on the University website.<\/p>\n\n
2. Overview of the Programme<\/h1>\n
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This is a part-time programme. The structure of the programme is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0PG Cert Paediatric Anaesthesia<\/b> (1 yr P\/T)
\n<\/span>Complete the 4 course units indicated below. These units together contribute 60 credits to the programme.
\n<\/span>Course Units
\n<\/b><\/span>Unit 1: <\/b>Fundamentals of Epidemiology POPH6099<\/i>1 (15 credits)
\n<\/span>Unit 2: <\/b>Evidence Based Practice POPH60041<\/i> (15 credits)
\n<\/span>Unit 3: <\/b>Applied Basic Science in Paediatric Anaesthesia MEDN60041<\/i> (15 credits)
\n<\/span>Unit 4: <\/b>Safeguarding Children and Young People; Ethics and Consent MEDN60032<\/i> (15 credits)
\n<\/span><\/p>\nPG Diploma Paediatric Anaesthesia<\/b> (2 yrs P\/T)
\n<\/span>Requires 4 additional units (an additional 60 credits, making a total of 120).
\n<\/span>Course Units
\n<\/b><\/span>Unit 5<\/b>: Research Methods DENT61010<\/i> (15 credits)
\n<\/span>Unit 6<\/b>: Paediatric Anaesthesia for Special Cases MEDN60051<\/i> (15 credits)
\n<\/span>Unit 7:<\/b> Trauma and Acute Surgery MEDN60062<\/i> (15 credits)
\n<\/span>Unit 8<\/b>: Paediatric Critical Care and Resuscitation Medicine MEDN60072<\/i> (15 credits)<\/span><\/p>\nMSc Paediatric Anaesthesia <\/b>(3 yrs P\/T)
\n<\/span>Under supervision, students will produce a research dissertation (MEDN60080<\/i>). This will involve identifying research questions, developing the design of a research project, carrying out the research, analysing the data and then writing up the project. This will usually be in the format of a report based dissertation or systematic review. Submission in another format may be permitted by prior approval by the Programme Director.<\/span><\/p>\nProgression between stages is subject to satisfactory performance. You will not be able to progress to the dissertation unless you have successfully completed 120 credits at Masters level.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/b>Aims and Learning Outcomes<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nThe Masters programme aims to:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Develop practical skills in searching for and appraising different sources of evidence and to develop a theoretical understanding of perspectives on evidence-based or evidence-informed practice.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Allow students to acquire an understanding of basic epidemiological methods for the purpose of participating in the design of epidemiological studies and critically appraising the medical literature.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Guide students to be able to identify researchable questions, and formulate appropriate research designs and methods.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Evaluate safeguarding procedures in children, and apply ethical principles when faced with dilemmas surrounding consent, end of life care and children with complex heath needs. <\/span><\/li>\n
- Give students an in-depth understanding of neonatal and paediatric anatomy, physiology and pharmacology.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Utilise theoretical knowledge in anatomy, physiology and pharmacology to justify their practical application in general and regional paediatric anaesthesia<\/span><\/li>\n
- Compare, appraise and justify particular anaesthetic techniques and management plans for special patient circumstances.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Revise particular pathologies in children and determine specific anaesthetic conditions or recommend specialist input in the perioperative period.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Formulate management plans for children presenting with major trauma, burns and acute surgical disease requiring operative intervention.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Justify and choose treatment options when supporting the respiratory; cardiovascular; renal; neurological and immunological systems of neonates and children in the critical care environment.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Justify and evaluate current resuscitation guidelines in neonates and paediatrics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n<\/b>Intended Learning Outcomes of the Programme<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nA. Knowledge & Understanding
\n<\/i><\/b><\/span>At the end of the programme students should be able to:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Know about different measures of risk, how to calculate them and how this relates to understanding disease causation<\/li>\n
- Know about the uses of routine data, screening and epidemiological surveillance<\/li>\n
- Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a range of qualitative, quantitative and mixed research designs, and examine methods of sampling, data collection<\/li>\n
- Explore a range of analytic strategies used to handle, interpret and present qualitative and quantitative data<\/li>\n
- Develop and apply practical understanding of clinical governance, medicolegal boundaries and regulations<\/li>\n
- Summarise the role of the anaesthetist in child protection procedures\/examinations<\/li>\n
- Describe and justify the procedures surrounding the death of a child<\/li>\n
- Evaluate the effects of peripheral and central neuraxial blockade on the anatomy and physiology of the central nervous system in an infant.<\/li>\n
- Assess the airway differences in a neonate and the associated pathologies that may influence anaesthetic management.<\/li>\n
- Assess children with specific pathologies and conditions to determine an anaesthetic management plan.<\/li>\n
- Revise existing knowledge of known circumstances that require specific adaptations to anaesthetic management.<\/li>\n
- Summarise the acute physiological changes occurring in trauma and surgery<\/li>\n
- Use the available evidence to formulate appropriate treatment plans for common acute surgical problems in the neonate and the older child<\/li>\n
- Understand controversies surrounding paediatric trauma management including fluid, blood product and haemostatic agent use<\/li>\n
- Evaluate the current treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury in children<\/li>\n
- Revise and critique existing neonatal and paediatric resuscitation guidelines.<\/li>\n
- Determine management goals\/physiological parameters and targets for children requiring intensive care.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\nB. Intellectual Skills
\n<\/i><\/b><\/span>At the end of the programme students should be able to:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Outline the advantages and disadvantages of ecological studies, cross-sectional surveys, case-control studies, cohort studies and intervention studies and explain the meaning of bias, confounding and effect modification<\/li>\n
- Understand and apply more contemporary approaches to maximise the potential benefit from scientific enquiry, to improve the way in which health care is provided<\/li>\n
- Utilise skills in systematic and creative approaches to problem-solving and decision-making in relation to complex issues<\/li>\n
- Develop skills in writing and formulating clear and relevant research questions\/hypotheses<\/li>\n
- Formulate appropriate research questions, objectives and hypotheses; select appropriate designs and methods to answer research questions<\/li>\n
- Critically consider how methodological principles should be operationalized in a proposed research study<\/li>\n
- Evaluate different ethical analysis tools, and applies these to ethical dilemmas in clinical practice<\/li>\n
- Describe the implications of refusal of treatment in paediatric practice<\/li>\n
- Use ethical principles when making decisions regarding children with life-limiting conditions, and critique the use of limitation-of-treatment and not-for-resuscitation orders in paediatric practice<\/li>\n
- Critically evaluate established fluid management regimes.<\/li>\n
- Explain the rationale for dosing muscle relaxants in babies.<\/li>\n
- Explain the pharmacology relating to TIVA in small children.<\/li>\n
- Recommend and justify difficult airway management strategies in expected and unexpected circumstances.<\/li>\n
- Evaluate the need for input from other paediatric specialties.<\/li>\n
- Evaluate current trauma care systems and networks<\/li>\n
- Evaluate the different imaging modalities in paediatric trauma, and understand the evolution of current protocols<\/li>\n
- Recommend and justify inotrope usage in children requiring cardiovascular support.<\/li>\n
- Evaluate the need for input from other paediatric specialties.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C. Practical Skills
\n<\/i><\/b><\/span>At the end of the programme students should be able to:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Calculate incidence and prevalence rates of diseases within a population and be able to perform age standardisation<\/li>\n
- Find existing sources of evidence relevant to clinical and non-clinical health questions<\/li>\n
- Be able to critically appraise common research designs and assess the published literature.<\/li>\n
- Effectively utilise information technology \/ health informatics<\/li>\n
- Write coherent and well-justified research proposals which address problems\/issues relevant to health and social care research<\/li>\n
- Analyse the process of consent for anaesthesia and surgery in children<\/li>\n
- Critically review anaesthetic documents<\/li>\n
- Suspect and initiate the diagnostic process of non-accidental injury in children<\/li>\n
- Perform central neuraxial blockade, and justify usage of any additives.<\/li>\n
- Justify the safe usage of systemic analgesics (paracetamol, opioids) in babies.<\/li>\n
- Choose an appropriate anaesthetic technique for children at risk of malignant hyperthermia.<\/li>\n
- Compare the existing tools for pain assessment in children<\/li>\n
- Develop plans for pain management in children<\/li>\n
- Choose appropriate management plans for children with sepsis requiring critical care.<\/li>\n
- Compare and choose methods of advanced respiratory support in children with respiratory failure.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
<\/i><\/b>D. Transferable Skills and Personal Qualities
\n<\/i><\/b><\/span>At the end of the programme students should be able to:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Understand how to apply evidence to inform professional practice and decision-making.<\/li>\n
- Understand the strengths and limitations of traditional concepts of evidence-based practice and how these relate to their own work or profession.<\/li>\n
- Critically reflect on their own academic performance and utilise a range of strategies to improve these and overcome any particular difficulties<\/li>\n
- Demonstrate skills in working collegiately and effectively with others as a member of a team<\/li>\n
- Further develop and enhance skills in effective communication to a range of audiences in a variety of settings.<\/li>\n
- Explain how to deal with complaints in clinical practice<\/li>\n
- Evaluate the issues surrounding confidentiality in medicine<\/li>\n
- Explain the risks and benefits of local anaesthesia and general anaesthesia in infants to parents.<\/li>\n
- Recommend the advantages and disadvantages of central neuraxial blockade versus peripheral nerve blockade.<\/li>\n
- Deduce anaesthetic risk from existing paediatric pathologies and explain this to parents (and children as appropriate).<\/li>\n
- Agree perioperative management plans with multidisciplinary teams.<\/li>\n
- Critique current guidelines and make recommendations for the treatment of multiple trauma, acute haemorrhage, burns, spinal injury and limb trauma<\/li>\n
- Explain management plans to parents in an appropriate way.<\/li>\n
- Agree intensive care management plans with multidisciplinary teams.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Progression through the Programme<\/span><\/h2>\nThe diagram below shows progression through the programme, related to the semester dates. Students will be required to attend the allocated teaching days and to undertake the associated assessments. Progression from the PG Cert and the PG Dip will be dependent on successful completion of 60 credits, at the required standard. Similarly, progression from PG Dip to the MSc will depend on successful completion of 120 credits, at Masters Level.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n Semester 1<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Semester 2<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n On completion<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| \n Year 1<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Unit 1<\/span><\/p>\nUnit 2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Unit 3<\/span><\/p>\nUnit 4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Exit PG Cert<\/span><\/p>\nor<\/span><\/p>\nProgress to PG Dip<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| \n Year 2<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Unit 5<\/span><\/p>\nUnit 6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Unit 7<\/span><\/p>\nUnit 8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Exit PG Dip<\/span><\/p>\nor<\/span><\/p>\nProgress to MSc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| \n Year 3<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Dissertation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Exit MSc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nUnit 1: Fundamentals of Epidemiology POPH 60991 (15 Credits)
\n<\/b><\/span>In this course students will learn about the history of the discipline of epidemiology, as well as its uses in medical research and in informing health policy. Students will be introduced to common types of observational study designs including; ecological studies, cross-sectional surveys, case-control studies, cohort studies and intervention studies. The course covers the appropriate methods of measuring and comparing risk in each type of study as well as the limitations of epidemiological studies and how to minimise systematic errors when conducting their own investigations.<\/span><\/p>\nUnit 2: Evidence Based Practice POPH 60041 (15 Credits)
\n<\/b><\/span>This course will provide practical skills and theoretical understanding to help you develop evidence-informed practice. The first part of the course will develop your skills in identifying your requirements for evidence and how and where to find existing sources of evidence to inform your professional practice. The second part of the course aims to expand thinking beyond previous applications of evidence-based practice, including a re-assessment of the hierarchy of evidence and the application of problem-based practice.<\/span><\/p>\nUnit 3: Applied Basic Science in Paediatric Anaesthesia MEDN 60041 (15 Credits)
\n<\/b><\/span>The unit is intended to give students an in-depth understanding of neonatal and paediatric anatomy, physiology and pharmacology. The unit will allow the student to utilise theoretical knowledge in these areas to justify their practical application in general and regional paediatric anaesthesia.
\n<\/span>Students will revise their knowledge of anatomical differences in neonates and young children and use this knowledge to influence their practice in a clinical context, for example management of neonatal airway pathology; inserting invasive lines with appropriate placement and the relevant differences for performing central neuraxial blockade. The students will evaluate and justify the merits of current fluid management strategies in neonates; small children and those with metabolic conditions. The students will appraise the complexities of TIVA (Total IntraVenous Anaesthesia), muscle relaxants, systemic analgesics and local anaesthetic agents and potential additives to support their clinical application.<\/span><\/p>\nUnit 4: Safeguarding Children and Young People; Ethics and Consent MEDN 60032 (15 Credits)
\n<\/b><\/span>This unit will enable students to describe the safeguarding of children, initiate the diagnostic process of non-accidental injury and explain the contribution of the paediatric anaesthetist. They will discuss the ethical principles used when decisions are made in children with life-limiting conditions undergoing surgery or who are acutely unwell. They will also be to analyse the process of consent for anaesthesia and surgery in children, deal with complaints, critically review anaesthetic documents, and describe the processes surrounding death of a child in the emergency department and in the operating theatre.<\/span><\/p>\nUnit 5: Research Methods DENT 61010 (15 Credits)
\n<\/b><\/span>This unit has been developed to provide you with an introduction to research methods, study design and evidence based practice. It includes both practical and theoretical components.
\n<\/span>Many of the topics covered in this unit are dealt with briefly and simply. Topics such as ‘Critical appraisal’ and ‘Evidence based practice’ should be a spring board for you to start developing your own skills in this area. Every aspect of your work at Masters level will be underpinned by your ability to understand and evaluate research. The readings and references that you find in this unit are by way of an introduction. In order to obtain the best marks in assignments or dissertations you will be expected to have read more widely than the course materials. We have taken most of our readings from general sources but you may wish to explore more specific texts from your own discipline.
\n<\/span>There are also a number of topics that cover more practical issues, such as library skills. Becoming an efficient and effective user of the University Library (whether online or face to face) will greatly enhance all your future studying.<\/span><\/p>\nUnit 6: Paediatric Anaesthesia for Special Cases MEDN 60051 (15 Credits)
\n<\/b><\/span>The unit is designed to compare, appraise and justify particular anaesthetic techniques and management plans for special patient circumstances, for example difficult airway management in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis or Pierre-Robin sequence. The unit will get the students to revise particular pathologies in children and determine specific anaesthetic conditions or recommend specialist input in the perioperative period.
\n<\/span>The unit will explore difficult airway management in children with existing conditions that likely to cause concern to the paediatric anaesthetist. In particular the unit will discuss the anaesthetic management of mucopolysaccharidosis; explore the associated conditions likely to require anaesthetic intervention and explain the concerns and risks to the child\u2019s parents.
\n<\/span>The unit will assess the anaesthetic management of known patient and familial conditions that may influence the choice of anaesthetic technique such as Duchenne\u2019s muscular dystrophy, central core disease and malignant hyperthermia. The unit will examine metabolic conditions such as MCADD (Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency) and justify perioperative fluid management plans.
\n<\/span>Other <\/b>conditions included are Congenital HyperInsulinism (CHI) and Cockayne syndrome.<\/span><\/p>\n
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