MASTER OF SCIENCE

IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY

ORTHODONTICS

Specialty Programme Handbook

2019 – 2020

VUM 82

Dear Postgraduate Student,

As Programme Lead for the MSc in Clinical Dentistry: Orthodontics, I would like to welcome you to Manchester and to the Orthodontic department within the Division of Dentistry in the School of Medical Sciences.

Orthodontics presents you with a challenge, our specialty requires rigorous academic discipline combined with precise clinical skills. You will face a series of new clinical challenges and, unlike your fellow students will be learning new and complex clinical skills throughout your 3 year period of study.

Early in the programme you will meet with a number of people to help and support you. These include Miss Kim Britt the programme administrator, our team of orthodontic nurses and your clinical/academic teachers, all of whom have a wealth of clinical and academic experience to share. You will be introduced to the clinical routines and should listen carefully to our staff who will try their best to support your clinical learning. You will have your first experience of orthodontic research and I hope you will find all of this interesting and rewarding.

I hope you will feel confident in your new environment and ready for the challenges ahead, however, do bear in mind that all the teaching staff are always available to support and help you in any way possible.

Orthodontics is a fascinating and rewarding area of study and to become a successful specialist orthodontist you will need the right attitude, skills and knowledge. On behalf of all the Orthodontic staff I wish you great success with your studies.

Yours sincerely

Mr Ward

STEPHEN WARD

Consultant in Orthodontics/Programme Lead

STAFF CONTACTS

Mr Stephen Ward, Programme Lead

Tel. : 0161 275 6620

e-Mail: Stephen.Ward-2@manchester.ac..uk

Office Location : J.R. Moore Building (Wednesdays only)

Ms Mariyah Nazir

Clinical Programme Director

e-Mail: Mariyah.Nazir@manchester.ac.uk

Office Location: University of Manchester Dental Hospital, Floor 2.

Miss Kim Britt, Programme Administrator

Tel : 0161 275 6620

e-Mail : kimberley.britt@manchester.ac.uk

Office location : J.R. Moore Building

Ms Pauline Stringer, Clinical Reception

Tel : 0161 275 6668

Office Location : Orthodontic Reception, Dental Hospital (Floor 2)

For a full list of contact details, please see Appendix 2.

Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health PGT Online Skills Training

The Faculty has developed a skills training resource to support you through your postgraduate taught programme. This online material should supplement the assessed learning material and activities undertaken in your taught programme.

Introductory Course

All students are automatically enrolled onto a number of introductory course units that provides information on health and safety, academic malpractice and academic literacy. Completion instructions for each of these units are clearly defined within the course. Completion of these units is mandatory for all students. All assessments must be completed as soon as possible after the programme begins, with the academic malpractice assessment completed before the first piece of coursework is submitted. Completion of these units is monitored by the School.

Accessing the online skills resource

You can access Blackboard through the My Manchester portal (http://my.manchester.ac.uk). The skills training resource is available in an academic community space available to all registered PGT students in the Faculty through Blackboard.

If you cannot see these units in your Blackboard please contact your Programme Administrator.

ORTHODONTIC PROGRAMME OVERVIEW

Introduction

Teaching will mainly take place the University of Manchester Dental Hospital University Campus and the peripheral District General Hospitals.

This handbook includes information on the aims and objectives, structure, teaching and learning methods and management of the orthodontic clinical units and should be read in conjunction with the PGT Handbook.

Aims and objectives of the Programme.

The aim of the clinical unit is to give the student clinical skills and knowledge relevant to the diagnosis, treatment planning and clinical management of patients.

To educate graduate students to provide high quality care for patients with malocclusion.

To equip students with skills for critically evaluating evidence;

and to encourage a spirit of enquiry.

The clinical training part of the programme involves attendance at clinics in the University of Manchester Dental Hospital and associated NHS Hospital Trusts. During this time students provide treatment for a carefully selected group of patients under direct supervision of Consultant Orthodontists.

Basic Outline

The programme is offered on a full-time basis over 36 months. See timetable for further information. Applicants admitted to the programme will attend for a minimum of 44 weeks in each year of enrolment.

Students will be given a personal cohort of patients ready to start treatment and some transfer cases already under orthodontic care.

Each student will start approx. 100 untreated cases and be expected to complete treatment of at least 50 cases.

Cases will be treated with contemporary fixed appliances, temporary anchorage devices, extra oral anchorage and rapid maxillary expansion. Some cases will require surgical and restorative involvement.

Overview of the Programme

The programme is designed for dental practitioners with a minimum of two years recent experience in general professional training or equivalent and who wish to further their knowledge in Orthodontics. Academic teaching will take place predominantly in seminar rooms in the University of Manchester Dental Hospital and Campus with Clinical sessions in the University of Manchester Dental Hospital and selected District General Hospitals in the North West of England.

SUMMARY OF PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

Structure of the Programme

Programme Specifications can be found on Blackboard. The structure of the Masters course is as follows:

Each unit has a credit rating.

The number of credits required for the award of the degree of MSc in

Dental Specialties (Orthodontics) is 180 credits.

Year 1

DENT61010 Research Methods 15 credits

DENT70001 Biostatistics 15 credits

DENT60050 Basic Orthodontic Diagnosis 15 credits

Year 2

DENT60051 Orthodontic Principles 15 credits

Year 3

DENT60052 Reflective Orthodontic Practice 30 credits

DENT60053 Applied Principles of Orthodontics 30 credits

DENT60020 Dissertation 60 credits

Award of MSc 180 credits

Research Methods and Biostatistics Units (DENT 61010 and
DENT70001) – (30 credits)

See Personal Academic Development Programme and PGT Handbook 2020.

Specialty Clinical Unit (90 credits)

Aims

The aim of the clinical unit is to give you an understanding of the scientific basis of orthodontics, with particular emphasis on current thinking relevant to the diagnosis, treatment planning and clinical management of patients.

Teaching in orthodontics will be provided throughout the programme, details of which are given in this handbook. This element will include tutorials, seminars and clinical demonstrations. You are encouraged to attend other relevant seminars in other clinical disciplines to gain a broad-based perspective to orthodontics.

Instruction will be given in clinical and laboratory aspects of Orthodontics. These will take the form of demonstrations, seminars and practical laboratory exercises.

Objectives:

- To equip you with the knowledge base needed to provide high quality care for patients with malocclusion
- To equip you with the skills for critically evaluating evidence
- To encourage a spirit of enquiry.

More details of specific aims and learning objectives are to be found under the appropriate headings in Section 8.

Research Unit

Dissertation (60 credits)

Aims

The aims of this part of the programme are:

To train the student in the identification, formulation and implementation of a specific research project
To give the student experience of working (researching) independently
To test the extent to which the student has achieved synthesis of his/her skills and knowledge via a report (dissertation) of the research topic.

Objectives

On successful completion of the programme, each student will have acquired:

Training to carry out a supervised research topic
Experience in preparing the research topic
Experience in producing a bound dissertation of 10,000 – 15,000 words based on research and by the required submission date
Skills to be able to discuss and defend the research and results in an oral examination.

TEACHING & LEARNING METHODS (Course Unit
Outlines)

The Specialty Clinical Unit is designed to encourage you to take responsibility for your own learning. The taught elements are based around small group learning, didactic seminars, practical skills training, online learning and student-led enhancement sessions.

Clinical teaching involves close supervision of a personal cohort of patients with severe malocclusions led by orthodontic specialists and hospital consultants.

The type of teaching and learning opportunities vary, and include tutorials, small group seminars, self-directed learning and laboratory tuition.

In addition, activities on the taught clinical unit are supplemented by:

Participation in appropriate extra-curricular clinical courses
Attendance at seminars given by guest lecturers.

The mandatory clinical training module that complements the MSc programme provides you with the opportunity to put the knowledge gained through the taught unit into practice on closely supervised clinics within the Dental Hospital and associated local Hospital Trusts.

During this time students provide treatment for a carefully selected group of patients under direct supervision of Consultant Orthodontists.

DENT 61010 and DENT70001 – Research Methods and Biostatistics Units – (30 credits)

See Section Two of the PGT Handbook for further information.

Content of Specialty Clinical Unit (90 credits)

Teaching in the specialty clinical unit of orthodontics is provided throughout the programme. Instruction will be given in clinical and laboratory aspects of orthodontics in the form of seminars and practical laboratory sessions as well as clinical exercises.

Seminars will be planned and reading from the scientific literature on related subjects will be assigned, the aim being to expose the student to a range of topics in a short period. Students will be challenged to assess the available evidence and to determine the biological basis for acceptable and non-acceptable methods and techniques.

DENT 60050 Basic Orthodontic Diagnosis (15 credits)

The aim of this first part of the programme is to ensure students have an ability to describe malocclusion and the skills to produce high quality patient records. Students will begin to build their orthodontic knowledge base and develop clinical skills compatible with the clinical progress of their patients. The beginning of the programme is busy with many conflicting demands on students to begin their research and scientific understanding but at the same time build the clinical case load and develop clinical skills.

DENT 60051 Orthodontic Principles (15 credits)

The aim of this second part of the programme is to complete the content part of the academic programme. Through seminars, teaching, external courses and personal study students should have built up a knowledge base. Whilst continuing with the research and clinical learning

DENT 60052 Reflective Orthodontic practice (30 credits)

DENT 60053 Applied Principles of Orthodontics (30 credits)

Units DENT60052 and DENT60053 include preparation for the summative assessment and a revision programme to ensure curriculum coverage prior to programme completion. The content of some of these seminars will be driven by the students and the final year includes preparation for the external Royal College assessment M.Orth, essential for inclusion on the specialist list.

The nature of orthodontic care means even at this late stage new clinical skills are being introduced however; confidence and proficiency will be developed in other areas. A high degree of professionalism is expected throughout the programme but at this stage these attributes are evidenced by the portfolio of cases produced by the students, the quality of diagnosis, skills in treatment planning and delivery, records of the cases, their analysis and understanding of the outcomes and the ability to recognise alternative options and areas for improvement.

DENT60020 Dissertation (60 credits)

Each student must undertake a research project and a review of relevant literature, methodology and results presented in the form of a dissertation.

Guidelines for the preparation of a dissertation and the Notice of Intention to Submit form can be found on Blackboard.

Supervisors will discuss with the student suggested topics but students are also encouraged to suggest potential topics. As the dissertation must be completed within the time span of the programme, it is essential that the project is commenced early in the programme. As most of the second half of the last semester in year 3 will be taken up with examinations and writing-up of the dissertation, it is recommended that the presentation cases be completed prior to the middle of the second semester.

Regular meetings between each student and the member of staff nominated as his/her supervisor will be arranged albeit it is your responsibility to request a meeting with your supervisor. These meetings are inevitably frequent in the early stages of the project when design and preparation work demands a high intensity of work. Each meeting must be recorded with outcomes summarised and objectives set for research to be performed prior to the next visit by way of completion of progress forms.

Blackboard

The Orthodontic programme also has an online presence via the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) known as Blackboard. The Blackboard unit is DENT77001.

Blackboard is a repository of the learning resources and will be used for providing programme-related information and announcements and thus students are expected to check their Blackboard space frequently.

Access to Blackboard is possible by using your central university username and password to log into the Student Portal at https://login.manchester.ac.uk/cas/login?service=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.manchester.ac.uk%2F

Laboratory Module

You will be required to familiarise yourself with the laboratory techniques for fabrication of orthodontic appliances. Prescribed exercises are assessed.

Requirements

You are expected to be familiar with the technological aspects of removable appliance construction. You will be expected to be able to construct the following components to a clinical standard:

Adams clasp
T spring
Z spring
Hawley labial bow

5. ASSESSMENT, PROGRESSION & EXAMINATIONS

RESEARCH METHODS AND BIOSTATISTICS UNITS

These core units are each assessed in the following way:

All students are required to complete the unit material.

Self-assessment occurs throughout the unit via online exercises and quizzes. These integrate into the material with the course units, and allow students to continuously monitor their progress and test understanding. Results of this self-assessment do not contribute to the overall Unit mark.

Formal assessment occurs through two tutor-marked assignments (in the case of each unit): a mid-unit assignment, and a final assignment. In addition, the Research Methods unit requires your participation in an online discussion board activity. All formal assessment will be provided with personal feedback.
Assessment weighting. Research Methods, mid-unit assignment (35%), final assignment (60%) and discussion board activity (5%). Biostatistics, mid-unit assignment (40%) and final assignment (60%).

The pass mark for the overall unit is 50% (40% for the PGDip).

You may fail an assessment within the unit, but if your overall unit mark is 50% (40% for PGDip) or above you will not be required to re-sit the failed assessment(s). Should you achieve an overall mark of below 50% (40% for PGDip) then you may be required to re-sit.

A student who fails to satisfy the Examiners in any assessment of taught units may be permitted to re-sit the assessment on one further occasion.

It is important that all students familiarise themselves with the University’s Taught Masters regulations at the link below, a copy of which is on the Orthodontic Blackboard.

Assessments

Year One Assessments

DENT 61010 and DENT70001 –

Research Methods and Biostatistics Units.

See Section Five of the PGT Handbook.

DENT60050 – Basic Orthodontic Diagnosis (15 credits)

An assessment at the end of year 1 consisting of:

The presentation of an ongoing treated case using the format of the Royal College of Surgeons M.Orth examination. The presentation will include the diagnosis, clinical records, special investigations as needed and a problem list. (30%)
The Oral presentation of an ongoing treated case. The presentation will include the diagnosis, clinical records, special investigations as needed and a problem list. (30%)
The description and diagnosis of an unseen case. The case material will include clinical records, special investigations as needed and the candidate is expected to describe their findings from an examination of the records, come to a diagnosis and include a problem list structured in a logical and defensible order. (40%)

Year Two Assessment

DENT60051 – Orthodontic Principles (15 credits)

Assessment at the end of Year 2 will be in MCQ format with questions to test knowledge of orthodontics and application of knowledge to solve clinical problems.

Year Three Assessments

DENT60052 – Reflective Orthodontic Practice (30 credits)

Assessment at the end of Year 3 will be by a written paper using a short answer format.

DENT60053 – Applied Principles of Orthodontics (30 credits)

Assessment at the end of Year 3 will be

By the presentation of the records of two completed cases using the template developed by the Royal College of Surgeons for the M.Orth examination. The portfolio will be the candidate’s opportunity to demonstrate the clinical skills and knowledge they have gained on the programme. (30%)
Candidates will examine the records of an unseen case and will be expected to describe the malocclusion, provide a diagnosis and options for treatment, describe the sequence of mechanotherapy used for any of the available options and be able to respond when clinical treatment fails to make the normally expected progress. (40%)
Candidates will also be expected to describe their knowledge, skills and behaviours tested in an oral assessment with two examiners, one of whom will be the external examiner. (30%)

DENT60020 – Dissertation (60 credits)

In order to progress to dissertation, candidates have to achieve a minimum of 120 credits in the taught component of the programme.

The dissertation must be submitted in accordance with University of Manchester prescribed guidelines.

The aims of the dissertation unit (worth 60 credits and forming the ‘research element’ of the Master’s programme) are:

to provide training in the identification, formulation and implementation of a specific research project;
to provide experience of working (researching) independently;
to test the extent to which you have achieved synthesis of your acquired skills and knowledge via a report (dissertation) of the research topic.

Objectives

On successful completion of the component, you will have acquired:

training to carry out a supervised research topic;
experience in preparing the research topic;
experience in producing a dissertation of up to 15,000 words based on original research and by the required submission date;
skills to be able to discuss and defend the research and results in an oral examination.

Ethical approval

It may be that the research you propose to undertake for your dissertation will require ethical approval from a relevant University Committee. Your supervisor will advise as to whether or not that may be the case. If your dissertation will require ethical approval, then the following University website guides you through the processes for that:

http://www.staffnet.manchester.ac.uk/services/rbess/governance/ethics/.

Each student must undertake a research project and a review of the relevant literature, methodology and results presented in the form of a dissertation.

The Student Supervision and Dissertation Guidance document can be found on Blackboard.

This dissertation must be completed within the time span of the programme, it is essential that the project is commenced early in the programme. With this fact in mind, your Supervisor may request you to commence background reading and similar related tasks prior to the commencement of the programme.

You are encouraged to disseminate your research findings in a variety of ways, such as:

Presentation at research seminars
Presentation at national/international meetings
Publication in a professional journal (often non-refereed)
Publication in a refereed journal

It is essential that if you wish to submit an abstract for a poster or oral presentation that this is seen and approved by all of your supervisors as well as any other authors on the abstract (e.g. a statistician) before submission. This is important for two reasons:

a) Your supervisor will determine if there are sufficient funds to cover the cost of your attendance at the meeting and ensure that this is the most appropriate venue for your work to be presented. It is crucial that funding for travel is secured before abstracts are submitted.

b) It is a part of ethical research practice that all authors of materials submitted should have the opportunity to view work that is being submitted under their name. There may be political, academic or other reasons why an author may or may not want to be associated with a particular study and you should ensure that you have the appropriate permissions from all authors before

Should you submit an abstract without following the above guidelines then you will be asked to withdraw the material immediately. If you have any questions about the etiquette surrounding authorship, abstract submission and the ownership of research – please consult with your supervisor

Regular meetings between you and your Supervisor will be arranged. These are inevitably frequent in the early stages of the project when design and preparation work demands a high intensity of work. Each meeting should be recorded with outcomes summarised and objectives set for research to be performed prior to the next visit.

Notice of Submission

Once dissertation production is well underway, and after the Final Meeting, you will need to complete a Notice of Submission at least six weeks prior to the deadline for submission. The Notice of Submission is an online form and the link for this will be sent to you by your Programme Administrator.

You should give notice once you have progressed with the writing and are confident of being on-target for meeting the submission date. Giving notice triggers the appointment of the examiners who are then expecting the dissertation to arrive on time.

See below for notice of submission dates (depending on the length of your programme).

Submission of Dissertation

You must complete and pass the taught element of the programme (the first 120 credits) before submission of a dissertation can be accepted.

See below for dissertation submission dates (depending on the length of your programme).

Your Programme Administrator will advise you on the processes for submitting your dissertation online during the course of the academic year.

The deadline for submission of dissertations cannot be extended, unless approval is given in advance due to mitigating circumstances.

The dissertation must be submitted in accordance with University of Manchester prescribed guidelines, details of which may be obtained at:

Guidance for the presentation of Taught Masters dissertations

No other form of dissertation is acceptable.

Please note that dissertations will be run through the University’s plagiarism software.

Important note: Common deficiencies in dissertations include the bibliography. A meticulously systematic bibliography is required and advice on the presentation of the bibliography must be sought from Supervisors. As a guide, the dissertation should be approximately 10,000-15,000 words excluding the bibliography.

Graduate students are expected to write and submit their research dissertation during the prescribed period of their degree registration. Supervisors will exert pressure on students to ensure this important target is met. Dissertation production always takes longer than planned, so you are advised to start early, with the first draft completed three months before the end of the prescribed programme.

Submission Dates (approximate)

Degree	Dissertation to be submitted by:	Deadline for handing in ‘Notice of Submission’:	Notice of Submission and Dissertation to be submitted online (your Programme Administrator will give you details)
MSc (FT)	9 September 2019	26 July 2019
MSc (PT)	7 September 2020	24 July 2020
MSc (Clin)	6 September 2021	23 July 2021

N.B.: If you are a student on a programme lasting more than one year, please double check these dates during your final year.

Marking

Year 2 and Year 3 written paper examinations will be marked anonymously by two internal examiners (members of the Orthodontic team).

Any discrepancies will be discussed. The students’ names will be revealed only when the marking of all the manuscripts has been completed.

Year 1 oral examination will be in the presence of one internal examiner (member of the Orthodontic team).

The Year 3 oral examinations are led by the external examiner (see 5.3. Examiner below) and the Programme Director.

Before they can be published to the students, all exam marks have to be ratified by the Postgraduate Taught Tutor at the Exam Board Meeting.

The Exam Board Meeting will be held immediately following the completion of all examinations for Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3.

The dissertations will be marked independently by two internal examiners, one of which will be the supervisor. Any discrepancies will be discussed. Once the internal examiners have marked the dissertations, these, together with the internal examiners’ reports, will be forwarded to the external examiner for moderation.

N.B. The taught part of the programme must be successfully passed before the student may proceed to dissertation.

External Examiner

External examiners are individuals from another institution or organisation who monitor the assessment processes of the University to ensure fairness and academic standards. They ensure that assessment and examination procedures have been fairly and properly implemented and that decisions have been made after appropriate deliberation.

They also ensure that standards of awards and levels of student performance are at least comparable with those in equivalent higher education institutions.

The external examiner for this programme is Simon Littlewood.

External Examiners’ reports relating to this programme will be shared with student representatives at the Staff Student Liaison Committee (SSLC) where details of any actions carried out by the programme team/Division of Dentistry in response to the External Examiner’s comments will be discussed. Students should contact their representatives if they require any further information about External Examiners’ reports on the process for considering them.

Please note:

It is inappropriate for students to make direct contact with External Examiners under any circumstances, in particular with regards to a student’s individual performance in assessments. Other appropriate mechanisms are available for students, including the University’s appeals or complaints procedures (http://www.studentsupport.manchester.ac.uk/who-can-i-talk-to/complaints-and-appeals/)

And the UMSU Advice Centre

(http://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/international/why-manchester/student-support/student-union-advice-centre/)

In cases where a student does contact an External Examiner directly, External Examiners have been requested not to respond to direct queries. Instead, External Examiners should report the matter to their programme contact who will then contact the student to remind them of the other methods available for students.

If students have any queries concerning this, they should contact their Programme Office (or equivalent).

Regulations and Arrangements For Mitigating Circumstances, Resits, Compensation

Where the overall unit mark is below the compensation zone (40% for Masters and 30% for Postgraduate Diploma/Certificate) OR the number of compensatable fails (30 credits for Masters/Diploma and 15 credits for Postgraduate Certificate) has been exceeded, reassessment may be taken.

Reassessment as a result of a fail is known as a “Referral”. Reassessment as a result of approved and verified mitigating circumstances is known as “Deferral” and may be permitted where students are reassessed as a first attempt, for which no penalty applies.

Students may be referred in up to half of the total taught credits. The combined total number of credits referred and compensated cannot exceed half the taught credits. Decisions with regard to which components should be reassessed are made by the Examination Board. When a student is referred they will normally be permitted to retake the assessment/exam on one further occasion.

At the recommendation of the Board of Examiners, students will normally be allowed one resubmission of a failed dissertation or project and this will normally be within four months of the date of the publication of the result. For September 2016 starters only, failed PGT dissertations can only be re-submitted if they achieve a mark of 30 or above. The Board of Examiners, in agreement with the External Examiner may, exceptionally, decide not to allow resubmission.

The pass mark for a reassessment is the same as the first attempt (i.e. 50% for masters and 40% for Postgraduate Diploma/Certificate).When a reassessment is passed, the mark is capped at the lowest compensatable fail mark (i.e. 40R for Masters and 30R for Postgraduate Diploma/Certificate), unless the previous mark was within the compensation zone, in which case the original mark will stand with a suffix ‘R’. This mark is used in the weighted average/total mark for the final award. The capped mark is applied to the whole unit and not the failed component.

Referrals may also be compensated providing the number of quota of compensations has not been exceeded. When a student’s referral mark is in the compensation zone (and the student/unit is eligible for compensation), the student’s mark will be capped at the lowest compensatable fail mark (i.e. 40R for Masters and 30R for Postgraduate Diploma/Certificate).

Referrals

The pass mark for the combined taught units (Research Methods, Biostatistics and the four specialty units) is 50%.

Candidates who fail one of the four clinical units detailed above may be required to resit that unit.

In the case of failure in the Basic Orthodontic Diagnosis unit, candidates who are required to resit this unit will have to submit a new clinical case.

5.6. Student Appraisals

Feedback sessions with the programme lead will be held on completion of each module of the taught programme. The dates for these reviews can be found in the timetables.

Attendance

Students are expected to attend all scheduled teaching sessions punctually. A record of non-attendance and reason for non-attendance will be maintained and students giving cause for concern will be required to see the Programme Director. Unjustified non-attendance is considered to be unprofessional and will be reflected in the periodic progress forms.

You are required to attend all lectures, seminars, clinics, field trips, tutorials, and other events or meetings concerned with the conduct of the programme, as well as meeting the specified due dates for the submission of work for comment or assessment, and attending examinations, tests, or other forms of assessment.

Absence from compulsory classes and examinations must be authorized by the Programme Director and students are required to provide appropriate certification for absences caused by illness, which must be handed in to your Programme Administrator. Students are not normally permitted to be absent from their programme of study during term time. Students requesting to take leave in academic term time must complete an “Application for Leave” form, available from your Programme Administrator.

If you experience ongoing problems with attendance, you should discuss these difficulties with your Programme Director. Taking unauthorized leave during term time without first being officially granted permission to do so may result in referral to a Division of Dentistry Progress Committee. Your Programme Director will keep the work and attendance of students under continuous review throughout the academic year.

It is important to note that it is a requirement for you to be in attendance in person to sign a weekly register with your Programme Administrator. If you fail to do this without appropriate reasons and/or without supporting documentation (e.g. medical evidence for cases of sick leave), your case will be referred to the School of Medical Science’s Graduate Education Manager.

If religious observance will affect your attendance at normal teaching and learning activities in ways that will cause problems, you should discuss this issue with your Programme Director. The Division will give sympathetic consideration to any such request and will try to make reasonable adjustments. However, adjustments can only be made provided that the standards of the degree are maintained (e.g. a student would not simply be excused from parts of the programme affected by his/her religious observance). You should also understand that adjustments may not always be possible if required to attend clinics that coincide with a religious holiday.

Please read the regulations for work and attendance as outlined in the University’s General Regulation: http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=1895

For further information see:

Regulation XX Monitoring Attendance and Wellbeing of Students

The University offers a range of advice and support to students experiencing problems with attendance. Further information can be found in the A-Z of Student Services:

A-Z of Student Services

You can also speak to your Programme Director and/or Personal Adviser.

Holiday leave will, in general, have to be taken during the breaks in teaching.

As you have a professional responsibility to provide ongoing care for your patients a maximum of 3 weeks continual holiday absence will be allowed. In all instances, the leave form (available on Blackboard) will have to be completed and approval granted BEFORE making travel arrangements.

This is applicable for any leave even if it is only half a day. In the event of illness or unavoidable absence from a teaching session, students are required to inform Kim Britt by email before the start of the session.

It is important you organise your clinics effectively and inform clinical support staff if you will be absent at any time. A minimum notice period of 6 weeks will be required for cancellation of clinics due to leave or attendance at third party courses.

In case your absence due to sickness is 7 days or less, you will also have to complete the sickness form (Self certification) and email a copy to the programme administrator. If you sickness is for more than 7 days you will need a certificate from your GP or, in case of hospitalisation, from the hospital consultant.

The Self Certification form can be found on Blackboard.

As you are provided with a cohort of NHS patients for your clinical training, it is important you act professionally and manage your clinical diary correctly. Complaints from patients will be taken very seriously and will form part of your appraisal as will feedback from nursing and clinical staff.

Absences from the clinic due to illness should be reported by phone directly to the Ortho Clinic Reception Desk (0161 393 7732)

Consequence of Unsatisfactory Progress

Students who are considered to be making unsatisfactory progress will be discussed by the Dental Graduate Education Committee (GEC). GEC will appoint a GEC Progress Committee (normally the Chairman, the Postgraduate Manager and the relevant Specialty Clinical Unit Director) and the student will be required to attend the duly convened Progress Committee meeting of the GEC.

The student may be advised that his/her registration be suspended or terminated. (See PGT Handbook 2017).

FEEDBACK

The principles of feedback are as follows:

Feedback should be provided in a timely manner that helps students understand(i) the marks or grades they have received for work submitted and(ii) how they might improve their performance in the future.
Feedback should be as personal as possible to the individual student to enable reflection on individual skills and performance.
Students have a responsibility to consider feedback given on their work, to seek to understand it, and to act on it.

Examination feedback

Feedback forms will be completed by examiners for all elements of accredited assessment and students are encouraged to make an appointment with the Programme Director via the Programme Administrator to discuss such feedback.

Feedback to Students Policy: http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=6518

STUDENT REPRESENTATION

a) Formal:

There is an elected postgraduate student representative for postgraduate taught programmes in the Division of Dentistry on the Graduate Programme Committee.

b) Informal:

The small student: staff ratio on clinics means that problems may be discussed and resolved expeditiously.

See PGT Handbook 2020.

Academic malpractice

See PGT Handbook 2020

ACADEMIC APPEALS/COMPLAINTS

See PGT Handbook 2020.

PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT

See Appendix 1.

11. SUBMISSION OF DISSERTATION

See PGT Handbook 2020.

GENERAL DENTAL COUNCIL UK SPECIALIST LIST

Whilst the programme is recognised by the UK Royal Colleges for Membership in Orthodontics examinations, the Orthodontic Specialty Training programme (with national Training Number) is designed for those who wish to undertake full orthodontic training by competitive entry via National Recruitment, organised by the London Deanery.

Please note that the MSc training programme does not have UK National Training Numbers (NTNs).

LIST OF SUBJECTS IN THE CURRICULUM

The broad contents of the programme are described below. The detailed content may vary from time to time in response to student needs and recent developments in the fields. The content reflects the Erasmus recommendations on European orthodontic courses.

Biological Sciences relevant to Orthodontics

Aim

The aim is to provide information on biological sciences relevant to orthodontics.

Objectives

At the end of the module the students should have an understanding of:

Fundamental concepts in cell and molecular biology
Current concepts in genetics and the relation of genetics to normal and abnormal craniofacial form
Current opinions in craniofacial embryology and malformations
Somatic and craniofacial growth with particular reference to age changes
The physiology of breathing, swallowing, mastication and speech which are of relevance to understanding the aetiology and treatment of malocclusion.
The psychological concepts in the child, adolescent and adult, together with modifications in facial impairment.

Basic Orthodontic Subjects

This includes:

Development of dentition
Tooth movement and biomechanics
Orthodontic materials
Radiology and analysis of radiographs

Development of the dentition

Aim

To provide information on the development of the dentition.

Objectives

At the end of this section the student will have detailed knowledge of

Eruption times of deciduous and permanent teeth in addition to the dental anatomy and embryology relevant to tooth eruption
Calcification times, root formation and crown and root completion times
Methods of assessing dental age and comparing with chronological age of an individual using a radiograph

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning, seminars, computer assisted learning.

Tooth movement and biomechanics

Aim

To provide information on the physiology of tooth movement.

Objectives

At the end of this module the student should have detailed knowledge of

The factors involved in the tooth movement
The scientific research work on the tooth movement
Bio-chemical mediators and their role in tooth movement
Mechanics of tooth eruption and specific timing of tooth development and eruption
Bio-mechanics in relation to orthodontic tooth movement and dentofacial orthopaedics

Orthodontic Materials

Aim

To provide information on contemporary orthodontic materials

Objectives

At the end of this module the students should:

Be familiar with the development of orthodontic materials over the past few decades with emphasis on archwire and adhesive technology
Have an understanding of the historical relevance of archwire materials such as gold and stainless steel archwires as well as the less commonly used archwires such as TMA and Elgiloy.
Have an understanding of the development of adhesives
Have a knowledge of the current attempts to incorporate a useful form of fluoride within the cement material and an understanding of the relative strenghts of bonding adhesives.
Knowledge of the development that is being made in the field of adhesive technology.

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning, seminars.

Radiology and its relevance to Orthodontics

Aim

To provide information on radiology relevant to orthodontic clinical practice.

Objectives

At the end of the module the student should:

Be familiar with the various radiographic techniques currently used in orthodontics
Understand how to take the radiographs
Interpret and analyse the radiographs
Understand their relevant advantages and disadvantages of available radiographic techniques
Should be familiar with the recommendations of the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) Working Party into the use of radiographs in orthodontics.

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning, seminars.

General Orthodontic Subjects

This includes a general background to the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions taking into account growth and the long-term effects of orthodontic treatment. Its content will be divided into:

Examination and diagnosis
Treatment planning
Growth prediction
Orthodontic relapse
Hazards of orthodontics

Examination and diagnosis

Aim

To provide information on orthodontic examination and diagnosis.

Objectives

At the end of this module the student should be able to:

Take full history and instigate any special tests that are required to enable a complete diagnosis to be made
Have an understanding of all records needed to allow a full diagnosis
Demonstrate their ability to carry out diagnosis.

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning, seminars and practical demonstrations of patient examination and diagnosis.

Treatment Planning

Aim

To provide information on orthodontic treatment planning.

Objectives

At the end of this module the student should be able to:

Formulate a number of treatment plans considering all the available options
To understand when and why an interdisciplinary referral is necessary
Have full understanding of the limitation of orthodontic treatment and be able to transmit this information effectively to the patients.

Teaching activity : seminars on treatment planning form a core part of the programme prior to clinical sessions.

Growth Prediction

Aim

To provide information on the historical and contemporary role of growth prediction in orthodontics.

Objectives

At the end of this module the student will have an understanding of

Literature on growth prediction
The relative merits of hand-wrist radiographs, single lateral skull radiographs, serial lateral skull radiographs, growth charts, height measurements and cervical vertebrae maturation indices
Cephalometric superimposition to indicate the growth that has occurred and they should also be able to make an assessment of what further growth may or may not occur.
Of the relevance of growth to the success or failure of orthodontic treatment.

Teaching activity : problem-based learning and seminars.

Orthodontic relapse

Aim

The student will be able to understand and appreciate the role of relapse in orthodontic treatment.

Objectives

At the end of the module the student should have an understanding of

The factors that may contribute towards change in tooth position following a course of orthodontic treatment
Differences between maturation of the dentition and relapse as a direct result of inappropriate tooth movement
Movement which may occur following orthognathic surgery and be able to discuss whether the movements are a result of orthodontics or surgery
Methods of minimising post treatment relapse
A throrough understanding of the research on the position of the lower labial segment

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning and seminars.

Hazards of Orthodontics

Aim

To provide information on orthodontic iatrogenic hazards.

Objectives

Latrogenic hazards of orthodontic treatment
Risk/benefit balance in orthodontic treatment
Informed consent. Should be able to obtain comprehensive consent from all their patients.

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning and seminars.

Orthodontic Treatment Techniques

The objective of this area is to develop the proficiency to perform operative orthodontic procedures independently. It will be divided as follows:

Removable appliances

Aim

To provide information and experience in the use of removable appliances in orthodontic treatment.

Objectives

You should have an understanding of:

The place of removable appliances in contemporary orthodontic therapy
The indications for removable appliances
The limitations of removable appliances
Fabrication and repair of removable appliances
All removable appliances

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning, seminars and preceptorship in the laboratory fabricating appliances.unctional Appliances

Functional Appliances

Provide information and experience of the use of functional orthodontic appliances.

Objectives

You should have knowledge of

The history of functional appliances
The advantages and disadvantages of all the commonly used functional appliances and should be familiar with several of these and reasonably competent with one or two.

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning, seminars and fitting of funtional appliances.

Headgear

Aim

To provide information and experience of the use of orthodontic headgear.

Objectives

You should

Be familiar with all the headgear types available
Understand the advantages and disadvantages of each type of headgear
Be able to fit all headgear to their patients to provide suitable therapeutic forces.
Have knowledge of the dangers of headgear.

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning and Seminars. Fitting of headgear to each other in practical sessions. Fitting patients with headgear.

Fixed Appliance Therapy

Aim

To provide information on the use of fixed appliances.

Objectives

Knowledge of the development of fixed appliances
Confidence in the use of pre-adjusted edgewise system
A theoretical grounding in the use of other techniques such as Begg technique or the Tip Edge technique. The scope and limitations of these different techniques should be discussed in some detail.

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning and seminars. Clinical teaching.

Multidisciplinary Procedures

This provides a foundation for the student to understand the treatment needs of patients with craniofacial anomalies who require multidisciplinary management.

Aim

To provide information on the multidisciplinary nature of orthodontic treatment.

Objectives

You will have an understanding of

The role of the orthodontist in multidisciplinary care of patients with craniofacial anomalies including cleft lip and palate.
The history of the clinical techniques that have been used in the treatment of individual’s with clefts of the lip and palate
Pre-surgical orthopaedics and its aims and limitations
The role of the inter-disciplinary team.

Orthodontic/oral Surgery Interface

Aim

To provide information and experience in orthognathic surgery.

Objectives

You should have

Knowledge of the development of orthognathic surgery
Knowledge of diagnosis and planning methods
Clinical techniques
Post-surgical care
Relapse

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning, seminars and clinical.

Orthodontic Practice Management

The objective of this module is to provide information on

The management of current orthodontic practice
Health and safety legislation
Management within the National Health Service
Personnel management, recruitment and employment legislation.

Teaching activity : Problem-based learning, seminars and external teaching

REGIONAL TRAINERS/CONSULTANTS MEETING

All trainers involved with the Manchester Orthodontic programme meet twice a year. The aims of the meetings are:

To monitor student progress in all areas.
To discuss the programme content and direction
To update trainers.

15. JOURNAL CLUB

Journal Club forms part of the formal teaching programme. The Journal Club is held from 8.30am (PROMPT) to 9.30am on Wednesday mornings during term time. Consultants, Post CCSTs, postgraduate students and NHS StRs participate and attendance is compulsory.

The format of the Journal Club consists of article presentations from contemporaneous peer reviewed journals which are then discussed and critiqued.

This gives the presenter experience in the scientific analysis and critique of methodology essential to an evidence-based approach to clinical care.

Additionally, some sessions are allocated to guest speakers from other disciplines such as restorative and paediatric dentistry. Occasionally potential M.Orth cases are presented.

These are extremely rewarding sessions as it gives students the opportunity to interact with other colleagues as well as developing critical appraisal and presentation skills.

CLINICAL STAFFING

The Unit is presently staffed by six Consultant Orthodontists (3 with lecturer status), 2 visiting Consultant Orthodontists and 3 Post CCSTs.

Additionally there is one Senior Dental Nurse, fulltime, and 9 qualified dental nurses.

CLINICAL FACILITIES

The Orthodontic Clinic

The re-equipped clinical facilities are situated in the west quadrant of the University of Manchester Dental Hospital. The Orthodontic Unit has sole use of 8 fully equipped dental units plus access to a large multidisciplinary clinic with its own waiting area, and three dental surgeries.

There is a junior staff area which is equipped with computers, scanners, printers and digitiser. The computers have access to the AJO and Angle CD-Rom via the network and have also direct link versions of the Journal of Orthodontics, European Journal of Orthodontics and the American Journal of Orthodontics.

Radiographs are no longer available on film. Postgraduate Students will need to carry out online PACS training in order to be able to view radiographs on the CentriCity web pages.

The Regional Cleft Lip and Palate Centre is situated at Central Manchester and Manchester Children’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (Manchester Royal Infirmary).

APPENDIX 1: CLINICAL UNIT AND TEACHING STAFF

Mr Stephen Ward	Consultant Orthodontist/Programme Director
Dr David Waring	Consultant Orthodontist
Mrs Noreen Akram	Consultant Orthodontist
Mrs Susi Caldwell	Consultant Orthodontist
Mr Stephen Chadwick	Consultant Orthodontist
Professor Bill Shaw	Professor of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Development
Mr John Brady	Consultant Orthodontist
Mrs Maria McNally	Consultant Orthodontist
Mr Ovais Malik	Consultant Orthodontist
Miss Ailbhe McMullin	Consultant Orthodontist (Manchester Children’s Hospital)
Mr John Scholey	Consultant Orthodontist (University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent)
Mr Jinesh Shah	Consultant Orthodontist (University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent
Mrs Mariyah Nazir	Consultant Orthodontist/ Clinical Training Director
Miss Victoria Elton	Consultant Orthodontist
Mr Jonathan Smith	Consultant Orthodontist
Mr Inderjit Shargill	Consultant Orthodontist
Mr Richard Needham	Consultant Orthodontist

Post CCST’s

Ms Madeleine Storey

Mrs Charlotte Dugdale

Ms Cara Miller

Mr Hesham Ali

Dental Nursing Staff

Joanna Virgin Senior Dental Nurse

Lisa J. Drzymala Qualified Dental Nurse

Dominique Shorkey Qualified Dental Nurse

Pamela Gill Qualified Dental Nurse

Victoria Lambert Qualified Dental Nurse

Bernice Graham Qualified Dental Nurse

Joanne Laing Qualified Dental Nurse

Sophie Tompson Qualified Dental Nurse

Louise Cowell Qualified Dental Nurse

Lena O’Neill Qualified Dental Nurse

Clinical Reception

Ms Pauline Stringer

Orthodontic Programme Administrator

Kim Britt

Programme Administrator

APPENDIX 2: ATTENDANCE AT UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER DENTAL HOSPITAL CLINICS

On the days when students are on clinic at the University of Manchester Dental Hospital (UMDH), they are expected to be on clinic at the beginning of each session (9.30am) to assist with broken braces or to look at other cases and generally get involved with other orthodontic cases and not turn up when the first patient is due.

Students will have to stay on the clinic until the end of each session i.e. 9.30am to 12.30pm and 1.30pm to 4.30pm (if applicable).

BOOKING PATIENTS

Only patients referred from a consultant should be taken from the waiting list.

You are NOT permitted to treat friends or relatives.

APPOINTMENTS FOR PATIENTS

It is imperative that all patients are booked through the desk and that the reception staff know who is attending and at what time. This is to ensure that notes can be drawn in good time as well as for other reasons.

It is Trust Policy that you do not treat patients without a set of notes. It is not possible to get the notes unless the patients are booked on the system. It is unprofessional and unacceptable that reception staff should have to find patient notes at the time of arrival of the patient.

If a patient changes or cancel an appointment, a message will be left for the postgraduate student. It is the postgraduate student’s responsibility to re-arrange the appointment with the patient.

Patients should not be contacted in the evenings nor should mobile phone numbers be exchanges.

If a patient does not keep his/her appointment, the postgraduate student will have to re-arrange the appointment. This information must be recorded in the patient’s notes. A further appointment can be sent, however the letter should state clearly that if the patient cannot attend, they must give as much notice as possible with a minimum of one week. If a patient fails a further appointment a defaulter’s letter will have to be sent clearly and politely stating that if they wish to continue to have treatment they must reply within one week to the department otherwise it will be assumed that they no longer wish to have care at the Manchester Dental Hospital. In order to have further treatment they would then have to be re-referred.

NEEDLE STICK INJURIES

There are to be no such injuries!

At all times great care must be taken to ensure that all sharps are handled appropriately. Needles are not re-sheathed but disposed of after local anaesthetic has been given. This is hospital policy and must be adhered to.

Any sharp instrument to be discarded must be placed in the sharps container, not in the bin, this includes damaged files.

Should needle stick injury occur, the Trust guidelines must be adhered to.

SETTING UP THE DENTAL UNIT

The Senior Dental Nurse on the clinic will cover this important subject.

DRESS CODE

As professionals it is expected that we appear smart when attending a clinic. Jeans are not acceptable. Because we wear gowns with short sleeves, it is important that long sleeves can be rolled up. It is not acceptable for sleeved clothes to be worn beyond the gown sleeve.

Watches and jewellery are to be removed before treating patients. Gentlemen are expected to attend wearing a shirt and tie. Ladies should attend with appropriate smart clothes, and with hair tied back if necessary.

Chewing gum on the clinic is not permitted. All personal belongings must be left in your locker except for the immediate requirements for the clinic.

PUNCTUALITY AND TIMING

Clinical sessions may start with some form of seminar or group discussion, often involving topics that are relevant to ‘the day’s business’ For you to gain the most from the clinic it is important that you attend punctually.

Clinical work should be finished at least 15 minutes before the end of the clinical session. This gives you time to write up notes, plan your next visit, appointments etc and time to tidy the units.

You will be warned about finishing your work at an appropriate time. Therefore you must manage your time carefully.

NOTE TAKING

Please ensure that all relevant procedures to a treatment session are recorded chronologically in legible handwriting.

These must be signed by your tutor at the end of the session along with your log book. You must record all relevant information. Your tutors will give you guidance and help with this.

REMEMBER: You have a medico-legal responsibility to ensure your written entries are accurate, legible and signed by a tutor

APPENDIX 3 – CONTACT DETAILS FOR ORTHODONTIC STAFF B (Alphabetically by Surname)

Name	Title	Base Hospital	Email Address
Mr John Brady	Consultant Orthodontist	Hope Hospital/Royal Albert Edward Infirmary	jbrady68@yahoo.co.uk
Dr Susi Caldwell	Clinical Training Director/Consultant Orthodontist	Wythenshawe Hospital Trafford General Hospital	susi.caldwell@mft.nhs.uk
Mr Stephen Chadwick	Consultant Orthodontist	Countess of Chester Hospital	steve.chadwick@nhs.net
Vikki Elton	Consultant Orthodontist	University of Manchester Dental Hospital	Victoria_elton@hotmail.com
Mr Ovais Malik	Consultant Orthodontist	University of Manchester Dental Hospital/Hope Hospital	Ovaismalik@yahoo.com
Mariyah Nazir	Consultant Orthodontist/Clinical Training Director	University of Manchester Dental Hospital	Mariyah.nazir@manchester.ac.uk
Mr Richard Needham	Consultant Orthodontist	University of Manchester Dental Hospital	Richard.Needham@mft.nhs.uk
Mr John Scholey	Consultant Orthodontist	University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent	john.scholey@uhnm.nhs.uk
Jinesh Shah	Consultant Orthodontist	University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent	jinesh.shah@uhnm.nhs.uk
Mr Stephen Ward	Programme Director/Consultant Orthodontist	Blackburn Royal Infirmary	Stephen.ward-2@manchester.ac.uk
Dr David Waring	Consultant Orthodontist	University of Manchester Dental Hospital	David.waring@manchester.ac.uk
Kim Britt	Programme Administrator	University of Manchester, Division of Dentistry	kimberley.britt@manchester.ac.uk

SUMMARY

This is by no means an exhaustive list; there will be other information yet to be included. There are many do’s and don’ts however most of this information is common sense.

It is a privilege to do the work that we do, patients gives us their trust, it is our duty to respect this by delivering the highest standards of care at all times in a safe and professional manner respecting all members of the dental team equally.

If we stick to these simple rules, though having to work hard, we will enhance the benefit we have to offer every patient we treat and create a working environment that will make the work enjoyable for all involved.

REMEMBER : When in doubt, ask your supervisor, your clinical supervisor

or the programme administrator. We are all here to help you.

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