BIOL20000 Year 2 Tutorials

The School of Biological Sciences Tutorial Programme

Tutorials will provide you with knowledge and expertise related to your degree programme as well as transferable skills. The tutorial programme includes small group tutorials and plenary sessions. Year 2 tutorials also include preparation for the assignments in the Science Communication Skills Unit (BIOL21392; Figure 1).

Figure 1. Tutorials in Year 2 include small group and plenary sessions and are linked to the Science Communication Unit (BIOL21392). Your tutor will assist you with choosing the topic for your Extended Essay, which they will mark along with the other assignments that count towards the BIOL21392 unit mark.

Small group tutorials will take place with other students from your degree programme and your Academic Tutor. To some extent, the nature and content of small-group tutorials will depend on your degree programme and is at the discretion your Academic Tutor. As in year 1, the times of your small group tutorials will be arranged by your Tutor. and will NOT appear on your personal timetable.

Plenary sessions will be delivered by specialists to larger groups of students from multiple degree programmes. This format ensures consistent delivery of information to students, and the plenary sessions cover topics that are relevant to all SBS students. Some plenary sessions have associated pre-session work, which should be completed in advance of the session. Plenary sessions will show on your personal timetable and will be delivered in hybrid format so that you can attend live on campus or remotely via Zoom.

The tutorial programme builds year-on-year and focuses on four major strands of skills: communication (written and oral); professional skills; experimental reporting; and employability, as shown in Figure 2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) for the Level 2 tutorials are available here. These build on the skills you acquired in Year 1 and form the basis for Level 3.

Figure 2. Summary of the topics you can expect to cover in small group tutorials (top) and plenary sessions (bottom). Your Tutor and Programme Director may, at their discretion, alter the content of your tutorials. FSB = Focused Study in Biosciences.

NEW: Tips for success

To supplement your small group tutorials and plenary sessions, there is a curated list of resources available on the BIOL20000 Blackboard site to guide you through the academic year. These ‘Tips for Success’. are organised by week for each Semester, and they link you to supporting resources at the time that they are likely to be most useful and relevant to your tutorial activities and other major assignments. Completion of the resources is optional. The Semester 3 tips for success can be accessed here. The Semester 4 tips for success can be accessed here.

How to pass the tutorial unit BIOL20000

In order to pass the Tutorial Unit, you must fulfil two requirements:

you must have satisfactory attendance at small-group tutorials AND
you have to obtain an overall mark of at least 40% for your tutorial assignments.

Therefore, you will fail BIOL20000 if:

you have more than one unexcused absence from small-group tutorials, OR
your overall mark for BIOL2000 assignments is <40%.

Consequences of failing the Tutorial Unit

Tutorials are an important part of the attendance requirements for your degree course and compensation for partial failure of unit examinations is available only to students who have passed their tutorial unit. In addition, students who fail the tutorial unit will be removed from Four Year Programmes and required to complete a re-sit essay during the summer vacation. For further details see the Second Year Handbook.

Attendance

Small group tutorials

Attendance at ALL small group tutorials (tutor-led and student-led) is compulsory and will be monitored by your Academic Tutor. Your Tutor will confirm the attendance recording arrangements for your student-led sessions. If you will be absent from a tutorial, or unable to complete a tutorial assignment due to illness, make sure that you follow the guidelines on ill health set out in the Second Level Handbook. You must inform your Academic Tutor of an absence before the start time of your tutorial session AND submit a self-certification form to the Student Support Office no later than the day of the tutorial session that you will miss. It is your responsibility to provide this information. If you are unable to attend for any other good reason, you must supply documentary evidence to your Academic Tutor strongly supporting your reasons for absence.

More than one unexcused absence from small-group tutorials over the academic year will result in failure of the tutorial unit; exclusion from Four-Year (e.g., language, MSci, Enterprise, Industrial Placement) programmes; loss of compensation for exams; and a summer re-sit assignment. Additional unexcused absences from tutorials may lead to the issuing of a formal warning letter. Unexcused absences may have detrimental effects on decisions on progression to subsequent years of your degree programme, or even lead to exclusion from study in the Faculty. For further information on attendance and compensation rules, please read the relevant sections of the Second Year Handbook.

Plenary sessions

Attendance at all plenary titles (see Table 1) is recommended. Their content relates to assignments that you need to complete, and they support the development of transferable skills. Most sessions will be delivered in hybrid format so that you can attend in person or live on Zoom. Check the ‘Sem 1 (or Sem 2) Plenaries’ area on the BIOL20000 Blackboard site for information about timetabling and attendance.

Table 1. Year 2 Plenary Sessions.

Plenary title	Teaching Week	Pre-session work	Who should attend
Semester 3 (Teaching Week 1 begins September 25^th, 2023)
Communicating Science: Assessment Literacy	2	YES	All Year 2 students
Employability: Applying your Skills as a Biological Scientist	4	No	All Year 2 students
Communicating Science: Introduction to the Extended Essay	7	No	All Year 2 students
Year 2 January Assessments Q&A	9	No	All Year 2 students
Semester 4 (Teaching Week 1 begins January 29th, 2024)
Ethics	10	YES	All Year 2 students

Table 1. Year 2 Plenary Sessions. Some plenary sessions have associated pre-session work, which should be completed in advance of the session. You will find timetabling information, descriptions of the sessions, ILOs, and instructions for pre-session work in the relevant folder in the ‘Plenary Sessions’ area of the BIOL20000 Blackboard site.

Tutorial Assignments

Tutorial Assignment Deadlines

Table 2 summarises Year 1 tutorial assignments common to all degree programmes and lists their deadlines. Your Academic Tutor will give you a deadline and instructions for submission for the programme-specific assignment. Note that, depending on your programme, you may have additional assignments with deadlines that will be set by your Academic Tutor.

Late submission of tutorial assessments will be penalised with a deduction of 10% of the marks per day (or part thereof, including weekends and holidays) beyond the deadline.

DASS-related automatic extensions, if applicable to you, can be used for tutorial assignments that count towards the tutorial mark (Abstract and CV), but may not apply to the Programme-Specific Assignment, depending on its nature – e.g., group work or presentations don’t qualify for the extension. Other tutorial assignments, which don’t count towards the BIOL2000 mark, do NOT qualify for DASS-related automatic extensions. You may want to remind your tutor if you qualify for DASS-related extensions.

The assignments that count towards BIOL21392, Science Communication, will also be marked by your tutor and are listed here for information. You should check the BIOL21392 Blackboard site once available in Semester 4 for full descriptions of these assignments.

Table 2. Year 2 tutorial assignments.

Assignment	Deadline	Mark allocation	DASS auto-extension?	Submission
BIOL20000
Research Paper Abstract	12/10/23; 16:00	45% of marks for BIOL20000	YES	Assessments area BIOL20000 Bb
CV submission	26/10/23; 16:00	10% of marks for BIOL20000	YES	Assessments area BIOL20000 Bb
Programme-Specific Assignment	TBA with Academic Tutor	45% of marks for BIOL20000	Maybe*	TBA with Academic Tutor
BIOL21392
1 page plan	1/2/24	0% of marks for BIOL21392	NO	TBA with Academic Tutor
Oral presentation on extended essay	TBA with Academic Tutor	15% of marks for BIOL21392	NO	TBA with Academic Tutor
Extended Essay	11/04/2024; 16:00	80% of marks for BIOL21392	YES	Assessments area BIOL21392 Bb
Peer Review	25/04/2024; 16:00	5% of marks for BIOL21392	NO	Details available in Semester 4

Table 2. Year 2 tutorial assignments. Additional assignments may be specified by your tutor. Bb = Blackboard. TBA = to be arranged. Tutors are not expected to give feedback on your CV. *Maybe: applicability of the DASS-related auto-extension to the programme-specific assignment depends on what it is – your tutor will advise on this. BIOL21392 assignments are shown for information. Please consult the BIOL21392 Blackboard site for further information on these assignments.

Formatting of Tutorial Assignments

Formatting is important, and mark penalties will be applied where assignments are formatted incorrectly or exceed the specified page or word limit, as specified in your assignment briefs.

All written tutorial assessments should be formatted in the following way unless you are told otherwise: A4 page (portrait) with 2.5cm margins, Arial 10pt font, 1.5 line spacing.
Page or word limit and referencing style for each assignment will be specified by your Academic Tutor if not stated in the assignment brief.
Your tutor may advise you to add a completed copy of the tutorial assignment coversheet as the first page of your assignment before you convert to PDF. If used, the coversheet does not count towards the page limit.

How to submit tutorial assignments.

Most assignments should be submitted via the Assessments area of the BIOL20000 unit Blackboard site (see Table 2), where you can also find instructions for uploading an assignment. If you have technical difficulties during submission, you should submit an eLearning enquiry through Blackboard (‘Technical Support’ link in the left-hand menu). Your Academic Tutor will advise you how to submit any other tutorial assignments

Marking and Feedback

Your assignments will be marked by your Academic Tutor and returned to you with feedback (apart from your CV) that will allow you to improve your work for the next assignment. It is important that you view and save a copy of your feedback once it is available. Instructions for doing so are here. If you don’t understand the feedback you have been given, you should ask your Academic Tutor about it.

Semester 3: Developing Scientific Literacy Skills

Introduction and Semester 3 Tutorial Schedule

In Semester 3 your small group tutorials and the tutorial plenary sessions work together to build your skills in reading primary research literature (important for a professional scientist) and writing about it (communication). Developing your scientific literacy skills will be immediately useful as your lecture units will increasingly refer you to original papers rather than textbooks as you progress on your course. Scientific literacy is also essential for the Extended Essay (BIOL21392), which will require you to refer to papers in scientific journals.

An outline schedule for Semester 3 is shown in Table 3. Tutorial activities and assignments, including plenaries, are described by week number (e.g., Semester 3 week 3). These refer to teaching weeks, with week 1 of teaching starting on Monday September 25^th 2023 for Semester 3 and on Monday 29^th January 2024 for Semester 4. This schedule doesn’t contain the dates and times of your small group tutorial sessions, which will be arranged by your Academic Tutor. The exact content of small group tutorials is not described as this will depend on your degree programme and your Academic Tutor. You should ensure that you record times of your tutorials and the assignment deadlines. More information about each plenary session, including details of pre-session work and how to attend via Zoom, will be available on the BIOL20000 Blackboard site in advance of each plenary.

Table 3. Semester 3 Suggested Tutorial Schedule.

Teaching Week	Small-group Tutorials	Plenary Sessions	BIOL20000 Submission DEADLINES	Related submission DEADLINES (not BIOL20000)
1	1 Tutor-led tutorial
2	1 Tutor-led tutorial	Communicating Science: Assessment Literacy
3	1 Student-led tutorial		Submit abstract. Thursday 16:00.
4	1 Tutor-led tutorial to be held by week 5	Employability: Applying your Skills as a Biological Scientist
5	1 Tutor-led tutorial to be held by week 5		Submit CV. Thursday 16:00.
6	No tutorial: Reading week
7	1 Tutor-led tutorial	Communicating Science: Introduction to the Extended Essay
8	2 Tutor-led and 1 student-led tutorials to be held by week 11
9		Year 2 January Assessments Q&A
10
11
12	No tutorial – EDM submission week.			EDM report.

Table 3. Semester 3 Suggested Tutorial Schedule. Teaching Week 1 begins September 25^th, 2023. Your Tutor or Programme Director may provide an alternative schedule at their discretion.

Semester 3 Tutorial Assignments and Activities

Research Paper Abstract Assignment

A research paper abstract summarises the content of a research paper, usually in a single paragraph. This assignment is intended to prepare you to write abstracts for future assignments, including EDM, RSM, Field Course, and final year project reports.

The Research Paper abstract assignment is worth 45% of the marks for BIOL20000 and qualifies for a DASS-related automatic extension.

Assignment brief and marking scheme: download from the ‘Assignment Briefs and Assessment Criteria‘ folder on the BIOL20000 Blackboard site. Your Academic Tutor will specify the research paper for which you should write the abstract.

Skills being developed: reading the scientific literature, written communication

Related plenary sessions: ‘Communicating Science: Assessment Literacy’: pre-session work involves marking two scientific abstracts written to the same assignment brief.

CV Assignment

The CV assignment is worth 10% of the marks for BIOL20000 and qualifies for a DASS-related automatic extension.

Assignment brief: There is no assignment brief or page limit, and you can format your CV as you wish. Your Academic Tutor will check your CV and give you a mark but won’t give you feedback on it.

Guidance on getting your CV ready for submission is provided in the ‘Careers and Employability’ folder on the BIOL20000 Blackboard site. See also the section below on keeping a record of your employability skills and the ‘Week 4’ resources in Semester 3 tips for success on the BIOL20000 Blackboard site.

Related plenary sessions: ‘Employability: Applying your Skills as a Biological Scientist’.

Programme-specific Assignment

The programme-specific assignment is worth 45% of the marks for BIOL20000. Your Programme-specific assignment will be specified by your Programme Director and may run in Semester 3 or Semester 4. Details, including the assignment brief and deadline, will be provided by your Academic Tutor. It may or may not qualify for a DASS-related automatic extension, depending on its nature (e.g., group work does not qualify). This assignment may be a Group Based Learning (GBL) activity, which are generally organised as described in Appendix 1.

Semester 4: Developing Programme-specific Skills

Introduction and Semester 4 Schedule

Tutorial activities in Semester 4 will help you to consolidate your knowledge within the area of your degree programme. You will complete the BIOL21392 Extended Essay and Oral Presentation on a topic related to your degree programme. You will also have the opportunity to compare your work to others on your programme through a Peer Review activity. Other tutorial activities will vary by degree programme but may include group-based activities, data handling problems, and discussion of research papers and/or ethical topics. An outline of the suggested Semester 4 schedule, including the plenary sessions is shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Semester 4 Suggested Tutorial Schedule.

Teaching Week	Small-group Tutorials	Plenary Sessions	BIOL21392 Submission DEADLINES	BIOL20000 Submission DEADLINES
1	1 Tutor-led tutorial		Submit Extended Essay plan	Your Academic Tutor will set deadlines for other tutorial assignments
2	3 Tutor-led and 1 student-led tutorials to be held by week 7
3
4
5
6			Oral Presentation on Extended Essay
7			Oral Presentation on Extended Essay
EASTER
8	No tutorial: Extended Essay submission week		Submit Extended Essay. Thursday 16:00
9	2 Tutor-led and 1 student-led tutorials to be held by week 12
10		Ethics	Submit Extended Essay peer reviews. Thursday 16:00
11
12

Table 4. Semester 4 Suggested Tutorial Schedule. Teaching Week 1 begins January 29^th, 2024. Your Tutor or Programme Director may provide an alternative schedule at their discretion, which may include deadlines for additional tutorial assignments.

Semester 4 Tutorial Activities

Extended Essay plan (BIOL21392)

You will prepare an outline plan of your Extended Essay for submission to your tutor by week 1 of Semester 4. Your tutor will give you feedback on this plan to help you finalise the content of your Extended Essay before submission in Semester 4 week 8.

Oral presentation on Extended Essay (BIOL21392)

You will be assessed on an individual 10-minute (including questions) oral presentation that you will deliver to your tutorial group on your Extended Essay topic. You will receive a mark and feedback from your Academic Tutor to help you to improve your oral communication skills. This presentation, and the feedback you receive, should also help you with writing your Extended Essay. There is a link to further support for presentations in the ‘Week 4’ resources in Semester 4 tips for success on the BIOL20000 Blackboard site.

Data handling and problem solving (Programme-specific)

Your Tutor may assign exercise(s) to help you improve your skills in handling data, applying statistical tests and problem solving. These exercises will give you practice in the types of problems you may encounter on your final year Degree Programme-specific Problem Paper.

Employability

What are Employability Skills?

Employability skills are the skills needed in working environments. Employability skills can be very specific and technical, like understanding HPLC or how to run a PCR; or they can be general, such as demonstrating effective communication skills.

Why are employability skills important in year 2?

Employability skills are always important, and you will already have developed a range of skills from year 1 and those experiences that led you to The University of Manchester. Year 2 is the best time to build on your employability skills as many of the advertised summer placements and work experiences are aimed ‘penultimate year’ students (that’s the summer before your final year). By building on your growing subject knowledge and developing independence you can make a real contribution through a summer internship and gain an insight into the sector or employer you are working for.

What skills will I get this year?

In year 2 the employability focus is about getting experience. The majority of advertised work experience, summer placements and industrial experience years are aimed at year 2 students. If you’re really keen right from Sept/Oct you can be looking for working opportunities after year 2.

We want to help you make the most of your time here, so we will be providing you with advice on how to find these opportunities, making applications and acing interviews. To help with this, there will be an Employability plenary session entitled “Applying your Skills as a Biological Scientist” in Week 4. For a specific run-down of all the employability skills you can gain this year check out Appendix 2: Employability; your module descriptions also detail the skills you will have the chance to develop.

Keep a record of your employability skills

It’s worth thinking about how you can keep a record of the skills and new experiences you develop during the year. One way is to create a ‘living CV’ which acts like a list or summary of all the things you’ve done and what you’ve learnt. The benefit of this approach is when you come to write your CV to send out then you have all the evidence in one place. Typical headings would be education, jobs, volunteering, positions of responsibility and interests. More information on CVs can be found on the Careers Service website, including a link to the Get CV Ready Pathway (which you’ll find useful when working on the CV assignment).

Coming soon: the Careers Service are launching a skills audit tool on the CareerConnect portal in the autumn, to help you assess your current employability skills and suggestions to develop them further. Information will be shared with you when it goes live.

The Careers Service: Get Career Ready

The Careers Service can help you with all your career needs.

Common queries from year 2 students are:

How can I get a summer placement, industrial experience or research experience?
I don’t like lab work, what else can I do?
How can I find out about career options?
I’m thinking about changing programme in the second year of my degree.
I don’t know what I want to do.

The Biology, Medicine and Health Careers Consultants are Suzanne Creeber (Biological Sciences) and Emma Brewin-Caddy (Health and Medical Sciences, including Psychology), supported by Careers Advisers who support employability activities in the faculty. We offer a personalised service with booked appointments with specialist advisers, an application advice service, a specialist information service, and 24-hour access to careers information and vacancies through the website. In addition, we run an extensive programme of events and online workshops throughout the year.

For full details of how the Careers Service can support you, visit the website or explore our Linktree for direct links to our key services and social media sites.

Royal Literary Fund Writing Fellows

The Royal Literary Fund Writing Fellows are professional, published authors whose role is to help you strengthen your writing.

Plan your study time.
Focus your reading for essay or report writing.
Express your ideas more clearly.
Answer grammar and punctuation questions.
Discover reading to improve your writing and editing skills.
Increase your writing skills with the aim of improving your grades.
Improve any academic writing – essays, reports, theses, dissertations, book chapters.

Further information about the writers’ expertise, and instructions for appointment booking are available on the BIOL20000 Blackboard site.

Help with English Language Skills

Should you need help with English language skills, you can contact the University Language Centre.

Student Feedback

In order to help us maximise the benefits that you gain from tutorials, we need feedback from you, both on the tutorial activities and on your Academic Tutor’s performance. For this purpose, you will be asked to complete unit surveys at the end of each semester. It is important for us to have your opinion, as these surveys will be used to determine how plenaries and tutorials are conducted in future years. Details of how to access and complete the surveys will be emailed to you each semester.

Appendix 1: Group Based Learning (GBL) Tutorials

What happens in a GBL tutorial?

These are general guidelines for GBL tutorials, which may be modified at the discretion of your Academic Tutor. GBL tutorials are run by students and the Academic Tutor is the facilitator and does not take part, other than to provide guidance if needed. Further guidance on group work is available on the My Learning Essentials website.

A specific topic, short article from a journal or a research paper is chosen. In the first session students decide on the primary learning objectives of the topic and how they are going to go about researching these. This should be done using a wide variety of information resources focused on the primary literature.

At the second session (usually student-led; the Academic Tutor is not present) the group have a full detailed discussion of the topic, focusing on the primary learning objectives. During this session one of the students should act as chairperson. Students should also decide on how the material will be presented the following week to their Tutor. The final session is either a formal presentation of the topic to the Academic Tutor or a discussion of the topic between the Academic Tutor and students.

Attendance at all sessions is compulsory, as a primary aim of GBL is to develop an awareness of teamwork skills and increase the knowledge base of the whole group. Non-attendance jeopardises the learning of all other group members as individuals. For this reason, recordings of attendance and minutes of meetings in the absence of the Academic Tutor must be taken and be open to review by the Academic Tutor at any time.

Guidelines for the running of GBL tutorials

A chairperson must be appointed at the beginning of each GBL to control the running of the discussion. Attendance must also be recorded.
Another student is appointed as secretary and should record the agreed learning objectives and email these to all members of the group.
All students should make a record of the agreed topics to be researched.
Group communication is essential and everyone in the group should have input (this is strongly dependent on the chairperson).
The sessions should cover set one-hour time periods. This helps to focus the group and develops time and resource management.
The research information should come from a range of sources (for example, primary literature, textbooks, internet, reviews, personal experience etc.).

In GBL sessions based on a research paper the chairperson may want to split up the paper by figures and assign a figure or figures to one person to present the data.

Appendix 2: Employability

This table outlines some transferable skills that employers seek and ideas for developing these so that you can use them for job applications and interviews in the future.

What are employers looking for?	What does that mean?	How can you develop this skill?
Ability to articulate what you have to offer	Reflect on the skills you have gained throughout your tutorials and other units. Develop good communication skills so that you can talk about your skills and provide evidence that you have them to potential employers.	Reflection: keep updating your CV and keeping a record of new skills. Communication Skills Oral presentations (tutorials; some lecture units; lab meetings). Essays (tutorials; many lecture units). Debates (some tutorials; some lecture units).
Creativity & innovation	Being able to come up with new ideas, approaches and solutions. Thinking ‘outside the box’ and being able to suggest new/improved ways of doing things.	You will have the opportunity to be creative in terms of your approach to assignments – e.g., ideas for poster topics in tutorials. Your final year project will present opportunities to be innovative in overcoming obstacles.
Critical thinking	Being able to analyse an idea or a piece of work objectively and weigh up its strengths and weaknesses. Recognise your own biases and be open to new ideas if evidence supports them.	Essays and oral presentations will include structured presentations of a logical argument. You will read and critically analyse primary literature in tutorials and build on these skills during your extended essay and literature review.
Cultural awareness & sensitivity	Experience of interacting with individuals from a range of different backgrounds and ability to adapt your approach to suit the needs of the people you are working with.	We have a diverse staff and student body, so you are likely to interact with individuals from a range of backgrounds during your tutorials and project, or as an ambassador or PASS leader. The Manchester Leadership Programme (MLP) and any volunteering you undertake provide opportunities to work within the local community, which is also diverse.
Leadership skills	Proven ability to lead a team effectively.	You may have the opportunity to act as a leader in a tutorial assignment or project, or as a senior ambassador. You can also seek leadership opportunities in the MLP or as a PASS Leader.
Numeracy	Being able to work with numbers is a key skill and may range from basic mental arithmetic to being able to analyse and interpret data.	Data Handling modules, practicals, field courses and projects will help you develop your numerical skills and ability to use statistics. Numerical skills are required in practicals and experimental reporting to work out concentrations and dilutions, and to calculate whether results are statistically significant.
Presentation skills	Proven ability to communicate your ideas both visually and orally.	You will undertake presentations in tutorials, field courses and as part of your final year project. Becoming an ambassador, PASS leader or student rep representative gives you further opportunity to develop your presentation skills.
Project management	Project management requires effective planning, and management of resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project objectives.	Your final year project will be the main opportunity to develop this skill, but you may also manage smaller projects in some lecture units, within the MLP, or as a PASS leader or PASS co-ordinator.
Problem solving	Grasp what needs to be done and reach a satisfactory solution to a problem.	Tutorials will include practice of problem solving in preparation for data handling in practical write-ups and the final year programme specific problem paper.
Self-awareness	Know what your skills, strengths and weaknesses are. Think of examples of how and when you have demonstrated these.	When you have completed a task (e.g., formal presentation, essay, exam) reflect on your performance. Write examples and state what you intend to do differently next time.
Self-management (ability to manage learning)	Effectively manage your time and complete work within deadlines.	Most units will require you to manage your time and submit assignments to deadlines. Your final year project will hone this skill and will need to fit around other demands on your time such as coursework essays and reading for lecture units.
Self-esteem & confidence	Belief in your capabilities to achieve a goal or an outcome effectively. If you have a strong sense of self efficacy, you are more likely to challenge yourself with difficult tasks and be intrinsically motivated.	You will have the opportunity to rise to the challenges provided by completing independent work to deadlines (e.g., extended essay) and to learn from constructive criticism and feedback (e.g., peer review in tutorials; discussion groups and feedback from tutor or project supervisor).
Teamwork	Proven ability to work well within a team AND an understanding of the role you take within a team.	Most projects and tutorial activities involve some teamwork, as do some final year lecture units. Aim to take on different roles so that you experience as many as possible. Reflect on your strengths and development needs.
Research skills	This may refer to researching literature, searching databases, identifying appropriate resources and extracting key information or may refer to practical scientific research. Research is also an important skill when looking for and applying for jobs.	You should do extra reading around your lectures including reading recent primary literature and review articles. More extensive research will be required for essays, your extended essay and Final Year Project Focused Study in Biosciences. Your main opportunity for research will be during your final year project.
Written Communication	Effectively organising your ideas and communicating these in a coherent manner. Being able to use correct spelling, grammar and punctuation.	Throughout your degree you will develop your written communication skills through your assignments such as essays, the Year 2 extended essay and project write ups.

For further help see http://www.careers.manchester.ac.uk/experience/skills/ The ‘Develop your skills’ section contains ideas on how to develop these skills beyond your degree (plus guidance on how recruiters assess for them).

The My Learning Essentials training programme offers careers advice through face–to-face workshops and online resources.